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Although the daily weather map ushered in the modern meteorological sciences in the early 19 th Century, broader regional variations in terms of changes in climate and climatic conditions were represented cartographically for the first time in 1817 when Alexander von Humboldt produced a map showing the distribution of mean annual temperatures over the greater part of the Northern Hemisphere. Humboldt used isothermal lines to map temperature; the first one to do so. Another early attempt was that of Alexander Buchan who made the first maps of mean monthly and annual pressure for the whole world. Then in 1886 Frenchman Leon-Philippe Teisserenc de Bort published maps showing mean annual cloudiness over the Earth for each month and the year. Earlier in 1882 Loomis created the first world precipitation map showing mean annual precipitation with the help of isohyets.
The first attempt to classify variations in overall climatic conditions could be traced to Aristotle's ancient though ill informed division of the world into Temperate, Torrid, and Frigid Zones. In the present-day, however, most classifications of world climatic types and world climate maps are based on the famous classification innovated by the German meteorologist and climatologist Wladimir Koppen. Co-authored with his student Rudolph Geiger and introduced as a wall map in 1928, Koppen's world climate map was updated by Koppen several times in his life-time and modified by later climatologists, the most famous modification being that of late University of Wisconsin geographer Glen Trewartha. The modified Koppen's world climate map makes use of six alphabets to divide the world into six climatic regions on the basis of average annual precipitation, average monthly precipitation, and average monthly temperature:
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