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Bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the United States of America occupies a territory of 9,522,0572 square km primarily in the mid latitude region of the North American continental landmass. The non-contiguous territory comprising the state of Alaska is located in the extreme northwestern part of the continent and is separated from the 48 contiguous states by Canada. The Hawaii islands in the mid-Pacific form the 50th state of the United States.

The territory comprised of the 48 contiguous states is bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Alaska is bordered by Canada to the east and the Bering Sea to the west, which separates also it from Russia and Asia. The USA is the second largest country in North America after Canada and the fourth largest in the world after Russia, Canada and China.

The USA's location in the mid-latitude region of the North American landmass flanked by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on either sides and its vast territorial extension especially from the west to east imparts it with a diverse physical environment. The country boasts of a varying range of climatic regions that are as far apart as the Arctic conditions in the far corners of Alaska and the sub tropical climatic conditions in the state of Florida. The natural vegetation of the United States can also be as varied as tropical rain forests to arid desert scrubland, and its physical landscape can be as diverse as the high and rugged mountain peaks of the Appalachians and the flat expanses of the Prairie lowlands.

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