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Peru State is located in the west of South America. Peru is well-known for being the land of Inca civilization which emerged as the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nazca, Wari and Chimu civilization was also found here. The Inca Emperor was defeated by Francisco Pizarro in 1532.
Peru State witnessed the establishment of the Vice royalty of Peru by the Spanish Crown ten years later. Independence was a much awaited scenario in Peru. It was not achieved until the military campaigns of Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar applied force. The early days were of instability because of the struggles for power between the military leaders.
Again in 1879 Peru was defeated by Chile. That was followed by a stable period under the Civilista Party. After that the Republic of Peru have undergone the authoritarian regime of Augusto B. Leguia. The great depression marked his downfall and the emergence of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance. The next three decade was marked by a collision between this party and the elite and the military people.
Republica Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980. The country suffered from some economic depression during this period which was recovered by Fujimori, the president elected in 1990s. But he was forced to resign in 2000 for his authoritarian measures. Alejandro Toledo was ushered in as the head of the government in the election of 2001. Thus Peru remained a presidential representative democratic republic with multi-party system.
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