Germany is known as one of the most important countries of Europe in terms of politics, economics and the country is also known to contribute liberally for the cultural advancement of the continent.
The origin of the Germans can be traced back to the Indo-Europeans who migrated in different places in Europe. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Franks who moved into France conquered Germany and by 800 AD Charlemagne established the German
Holy Roman Empire that covered fairly large amounts of lands. The land of Germany has seen many upheavals including the change of relations between state and the Church after the spread of Reformation which started with Martin Luther’s theses.
The years that followed saw the rise and downfall of Frederick the Great, and the rise of Otto Von Bismarck, one of the most influential people who molded the
history of Germany in both positive and negative ways. He was instrumental in bringing the unification of Germany in a series of three wars against Denmark, Austria and France.
Bismarck’s chaotic foreign policy resulted in Germany’s disastrous defeat in World War I.
The distressful Treaty of Versailles brought about economic disasters and immense financial burden on Germany and the failure of Weimer Republic resulted in general discontent among the Germans. This marked the rise of Adolf Hitler and the beginning of the black era of Nazism which changed the face of world politics. Hitler withdrew Germany from the League of Nations and signed pacts with Italy and Japan who provided the right impetus to start the blood-thirsty war of the century. The beginning of World War II was basically a war among the haves and the have-nots. Austria was annexed in March 1938 and by signing the Munich agreement in the same year Hitler gained the Czech Sudetenland. Things grew worse with Hitler determined to finish “the final solution to the Jewish Question”. Death camps were established and Jews were killed mercilessly. The Holocaust had resulted in the massacre of 6 million Jews, Gypsies, Communists and many remained with the scars that were not meant to be healed.
After the Berlin Conference, Britain, Russia formed pacts to complete the disarmament process for Germany. The Federal Republic of Germany was formed in 1949 and Bonn was the new capital. The problems between West Germany and East Germany intensified with the erection of
Berlin Wall in 1961. At this period Germany faced estranged relationships with Soviet Union and many other European nations. 1989 was a historical landmark for the Germans because Berlin Wall was dismantled and Germany reunited.
The country saw many political changes in the following years and Germany joined the NATO allies in the military conflict in Kosovo in 1999.
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