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Republic of Rwanda is a small country in the eastern part of central Africa. Situated in the Great Lakes Region the Republic of Rwanda is surrounded by Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania and Burundi from all the three sides. In the pre colonial period the Republic of Rwanda was a centralized kingdom ruled by the Tutsi king with the help of three different chiefs namely, military chiefs, cattle chiefs and land chiefs. A particular type of clientele system persisted in Rwanda called “Ubuhake”.
In 1919 Rwanda turned into a territory of the League of Nations under the rule of Belgium. Later, the demand for national independence was started by Union Nationale Rwandaise and in the year 1962 Rwanda was granted political independence by Belgium.
After 1959, Batutsi was targeted causing the death of thousands of people in Rwanda. Under the leadership of the President Gregoire Kayibanda of the First Republic the discrimination against Batutsi started. In the year 1965 Rwanda was announced as a one party state under the rule of Parmehutu and was united as the Second Republic in Rwanda. In July 1994 The RPF formed a government in Rawanda in coalition with seven other political parties.
Republic of Rwanda hold elections in two levels of the state. One is as the head of the state and the other for the legislature. The President is elected as the head of the Republic in Rwanda. The Prime Minister is nominated by the President as the head of the Parliament. There are seven political parties represented in the Republic of Rwanda. Various ethnic and social and religious groups are also well represented in the Republic of Rwanda. In the Parliament there are two chambers Senate and Chamber of Deputies. Opposition parties are present in Rwanda republic. In judicial section there is a constitutional court composed of Council of state and Court of Cassation.
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