{"id":6127,"date":"2018-04-07T01:00:36","date_gmt":"2018-04-06T19:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/?p=6127"},"modified":"2021-03-11T05:55:01","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T09:55:01","slug":"how-often-electoral-districts-redrawn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/how-often-electoral-districts-redrawn\/","title":{"rendered":"How often are electoral districts redrawn?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;6127&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (2 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;How often are electoral districts redrawn?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;138&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 138px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (2 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/how-often-electoral-districts-redrawn\/attachment\/us-map-redrawing-of-electoral-districts\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6136\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6136\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/04\/us-map-redrawing-of-electoral-districts.jpg\" alt=\"US Map highlighting the Electoral Districts\" width=\"800\" height=\"707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/04\/us-map-redrawing-of-electoral-districts.jpg 800w, https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/04\/us-map-redrawing-of-electoral-districts-768x679.jpg 768w, https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/04\/us-map-redrawing-of-electoral-districts-700x619.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a> In the United States, electoral districts may be redrawn based on the outcome of the population Census that is held every ten years. The number of congressional seats apportioned to each state is determined based on the results of the census. The last U.S. Census was carried out in 2010, and the next is due in 2020.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The federal criteria for redrawing district lines<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Equal population<\/li>\n<li>Race and Ethnicity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The state criteria are<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Political territory<\/li>\n<li>Contiguity<\/li>\n<li>Communities impacted<\/li>\n<li>Political outcomes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why are electoral districts redrawn?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In previous years, rural counties with smaller populations had greater representation than towns and cities with higher population. States were reluctant to redraw districts since business feared dilution of wealth and control. As the population expanded, so did the imbalance in people\u2019s representation. To counter this imbalance, the Supreme Court passed several rulings in different cases related to the need for redistricting.<\/p>\n<p>Since population increases over time, it became necessary to redraw districts that reflect the addition to the voting population. Based on the Census data outcomes every ten years, state legislatures, and in some cases redistricting commissions, are mandated with the responsibility of identifying and carrying out the process of redrawing state legislative and congressional districts. The objective is to ensure all citizens in every state get equal representation through the new district realignment. The approach to redrawing districts varies for each state.<\/p>\n<p>Article 1, Section 2, of the U.S. Constitution, states the seats in the House of Representatives be apportioned among the states to reflect the shift in population recorded through Census every ten years, with every state entitled to at least one representative to the House.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Landmark rulings related to redistricting <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court has passed several rulings related to the subject covering four broad areas<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Population<\/li>\n<li>Redistricting Commission<\/li>\n<li>Race<\/li>\n<li>Partisanship<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Population:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Baker v. Carr<\/em>, 369 U.S. 186 (1962): It was ruled that federal courts had the jurisdiction to challenge redistricting plans by state legislatures.<\/p>\n<p><em>Gray v. Sanders<\/em>, 372 U.S. 368 (1963): The \u2018one person, one vote\u2019 principle was made constitutional standard.<\/p>\n<p><em>Reynolds v. Sims<\/em>, 377 U.S. 533 (1964): Redistricting of legislative districts to be carried out every ten years.<\/p>\n<p><em>Wesberry v. Sanders<\/em>, 376 U.S. 1 (1964): Malapportionment was against the Constitution; courts had jurisdiction to rule on any challenges to the congressional districts drawn up by states.<\/p>\n<p><em>Gaffney v. Cummings<\/em>, 412 U.S. 735 (1973): Ten percent deviation in population would be the threshold for justifying or challenging the redistricting plans of the state.<\/p>\n<p><em>Karcher v. Daggett<\/em>, 462 U.S. 725 (1983): All congressional districts must mathematically represent an equal population.<\/p>\n<p><em>Evenwel v. Abbott<\/em>, 578 U.S., 136 S. Ct. 1120 (2016): Total population to be the reference for confirming compliance to \u2018one person, one vote\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Redistricting Commission<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission<\/em>, No. 13-1314, 576 U.S., 135 S. Ct. 2652 (2015): Allowed of establishing a redistricting commission to redraw state and congressional districts through ballot initiative.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Race<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Beer v. the United States<\/em>, 425 U.S. 130 (1976): Preclearance to be denied only in cases of retrogression of minority opportunity and not any other form of discrimination, as per Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act. Since the subsequent ruling on Shelby County v. Holder, Section 5 became unenforceable.<\/p>\n<p><em>Thornburg v. Gingles<\/em>, 478 U.S. 30 (1986): The terms established to ensure no vote dilution takes place while determining justification for redrawing majority-minority districts.<\/p>\n<p><em>Shaw v. Reno<\/em>, 509 U.S. 630 (1993): Redrawing of districts to be denied in cases of where irregularly drawn district plan reflects the possibility of racial intent.<\/p>\n<p><em>Miller v. Johnson<\/em>, 515 U.S. 900 (1995): Equal Protection Clause was reinforced to prevent racial gerrymandering through redistricting.<\/p>\n<p><em>Bush v. Vera<\/em>, 517 U.S. 952 (1996): A new district plan must pass scrutiny for racial gerrymandering under Equal Protection Clause.<\/p>\n<p><em>Shelby County v. Holder<\/em>, No. 12-96, 570 U.S. (June 25, 2013): Redistricting plans and related voting laws do not require prior approval, as Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act was not applicable anymore to any jurisdiction in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p><em>Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama<\/em>, No. 13-895, 575 U.S., 135 S. Ct. 1257 (2015): Claims of racial gerrymandering to be taken up for each concerned district and not the entire state plan. Maintaining numerical minority percentage not mandatory for redistricting under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.<\/p>\n<p><em>Cooper v. Harris<\/em>, No. 15-1262, 581 U.S., 137 S. Ct. 1455 (2017): Partisanship while drawing new district plans cannot be used to make a case for racial gerrymandering.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Partisanship<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Gaffney v. Cummings<\/em>, 412 U.S. 735 (1973): A reapportionment plan may not be challenged if political fairness in proven.<\/p>\n<p><em>Davis v. Bandemer<\/em>, 478 U.S. 109 (1986): Claims of partisan gerrymandering was brought under Equal Protection Clause and could be referred to federal courts. The benchmark was established for determining whether redrawing district lines had an intention for discriminating against minority groups or not. However, this benchmark was later set aside in the Vieth v. Jubelirer case.<\/p>\n<p><em>Vieth v. Jubelirer<\/em>, 541 U.S. 267 (2004): Claims of partisan gerrymandering remains justiciable although previous cases made proved it difficult. Four cases relating to this are pending in the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Visit the following to learn more about the USA:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"half\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-cities.html\">Major Cities in USA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-location-map.html\">US Location Map<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"half\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-capital-and-major-cities-map.html\">US Capitals and Major Cities<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/facts-and-trivia\/\">US Facts and Trivia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Related Maps:<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/when-will-usa-2018-elections-be-held\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/usa-map-states-having-election-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"When are 2018 US Elections?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When are 2018 US Elections?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/which-states-have-gubernatorial-elections-2018\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/usa-map-states-having-gubernatorial-elections-2018-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Which States have Gubernatorial Elections in 2018?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Which States have Gubernatorial Elections in 2018?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/which-states-have-senate-elections-2018\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/usa-map-states-having-senate-elections-2018-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Which States are having Senate Elections in 2018?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Which States are having Senate Elections in 2018?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-state-and-capital-map.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-maps\/united-states-map.gif\" alt=\"US Map with Capitals\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Map with Capitals<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/maps\/maps\/thumbnails\/usa-thumb.gif\" alt=\"US Map\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Map<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-is-gerrymandering\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\" https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/us-map-gerrymandering-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"What is Gerrymandering?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What is Gerrymandering?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/difference-between-senate-and-house-of-representatives\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/us-map-senate-and-house-of-representatives-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Difference between Senate and House of Representatives\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Difference between Senate and House of Representatives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-state-has-most-congressional-districts\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\" https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/california-map-congressional-districts-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"What State has most Congressional Districts?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What State has most Congressional Districts?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-is-preclearance\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/us-map-states-that-require-preclearance-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"What is Preclearance?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What is Preclearance?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the United States, electoral districts may be redrawn based on the outcome of the population Census that is held every ten years. The number of congressional seats apportioned to each state is determined based on the results of the census. The last U.S. Census was carried out in 2010,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/how-often-electoral-districts-redrawn\/\" class=\"read_more_posts\">Continue Reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_6127\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"6127\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"How often are electoral districts redrawn? #elections #electoraldistricts #map #uselections #usa #usamap","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[14],"tags":[744,751,816,27,754,32,783],"class_list":["post-6127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-united-states","tag-elections","tag-elections-2018","tag-electoral-districts","tag-map","tag-us-elections","tag-usa","tag-usa-map","column","twocol","has-thumbnail"],"metadata":["In the US population census is done every ten years and on basis of the outcome, electoral districts may be redrawn. The next census is due in 2020"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":false,"total_views":0,"today_views":0},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How often are electoral districts redrawn? - Answers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the US population census is done every ten years and on basis of the outcome, electoral districts may be redrawn. 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