{"id":5674,"date":"2018-03-10T01:00:08","date_gmt":"2018-03-09T19:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/?p=5674"},"modified":"2018-11-05T02:34:05","modified_gmt":"2018-11-05T06:34:05","slug":"what-is-preclearance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-is-preclearance\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Preclearance?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;5674&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (3 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;What is Preclearance?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;138&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 138px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 4px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (3 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n.half{width:45%;float:left}<br \/><\/style>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-is-preclearance\/attachment\/us-map-states-that-require-preclearance\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5678\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5678\" src=\"https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/03\/us-map-states-that-require-preclearance.jpg\" alt=\"US Map highlighting States that require Preclearance\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/03\/us-map-states-that-require-preclearance.jpg 800w, https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/03\/us-map-states-that-require-preclearance-768x596.jpg 768w, https:\/\/images.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/2018\/03\/us-map-states-that-require-preclearance-700x543.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a>The term preclearance pertains to redrawing of a district where one section of voters are denied a fair and equal opportunity for representation through the electoral process. Redistricting, also known as <strong>gerrymandering<\/strong>, has been misused over time. The requirement for obtaining preclearance before affecting voting change was therefore introduced as a preventive measure.<\/p>\n<p>Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, states, preapproval for voting changes are required by certain covered states and local jurisdictions. The pre approval must be obtained from the District Court of the District of Columbia or the Attorney General.<\/p>\n<p>Sections 4 and 5 of the Voting Rights Act relating to stipulations for preclearance have been controversial and debated.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Latest ruling that suspends preclearance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>On June 25th, 2013, ruling on the Shelby County v. Holder case, the United States Supreme Court deemed unconstitutional the use of coverage formula, as defined under provisions of Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, to determine which jurisdictions require preclearance, unless covered under a separate order under Section 3(c).<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The background to preclearance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 6th, 1965. The Act was a result of an active civil rights movement by the African American community and other minorities, seeking voting rights under a fair and equal participation in the electoral process.<\/p>\n<p>Sections 4 and 5 of the Voting Rights Act are meant to protect minority groups in certain states and jurisdictions where historical discrimination existed based on racial and linguistic lines. Most of the southern states were covered under this Act. The provisions of the Act are meant to protect African Americans, American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Natives of Spanish Heritage, and Asian Americans.<\/p>\n<p>The states that require preclearance before introducing any redistricting changes include Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Virginia, Alaska, Arizona, Texas, and South Carolina. Other states where certain districts require preclearance include California, Florida, New York, North Carolina and South Dakota.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The Special Provisions of the Voting Rights Act<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Section 5 of the Act was introduced as temporary legislation in 1965 to prevent changes to election procedures and practices in certain covered jurisdictions and applicable for only five years. The elements covered<\/p>\n<p>The special provisions of Section 5 were revisited and extended in 1970, 1975, and 1982. In 2006, it was extended by another twenty-five years.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Department of Justice has specified a non-exhaustive list of changes that require preclearance and include:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Voter eligibility requirements<\/li>\n<li>Voting precinct boundaries Redistricting<\/li>\n<li>Polling place locations<\/li>\n<li>Registration procedure<\/li>\n<li>Election procedures<\/li>\n<li>Election procedures<\/li>\n<li>Municipal incorporations<\/li>\n<li>Candidate eligibility<\/li>\n<li>Referendum procedure<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>During the decade, the Attorney General has received 4,500 and 5,500 submissions under Section 5 and reviewed voting changes in between 14,000 and 20,000 voting changes, every year. The Attorney General plays the surrogate for the district court and applies the same standards of evaluation and judgment as of the court.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Can voting changes not reviewed under Section 5, be legally challenged?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Voting changes not reviewed under Section 5 are not legally enforceable. The Allen v. State Board Election (1969) outcome allowed any person, organization with standing, or the Attorney General, could challenge the violation of Section 5 in the district court. A three-judge district court panel will determine any such challenges and will ensure the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If a voting change has occurred<\/li>\n<li>If yes, are conditions of Section 5 met, and has preclearance has been received.<\/li>\n<li>If not, then what measures can be taken by the court to provide relief.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The outcome of the Lopez v. Monterey case stated that only the United States District Court for the District of Columbia would determine whether or not a voting change was discriminatory, and what remedial measures be taken.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Visit the following to learn more about the USA:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul class=\"half\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-cities.html\">Major Cities in USA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-location-map.html\">US Location Map<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul class=\"half\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-capital-and-major-cities-map.html\">US Capitals and Major Cities<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/facts-and-trivia\/\">US Facts and Trivia<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Related Maps:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/when-will-usa-2018-elections-be-held\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/usa-map-states-having-election-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"When are 2018 US Elections?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When are 2018 US Elections?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/which-states-have-gubernatorial-elections-2018\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/usa-map-states-having-gubernatorial-elections-2018-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Which States have Gubernatorial Elections in 2018?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Which States have Gubernatorial Elections in 2018?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/which-states-have-senate-elections-2018\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/usa-map-states-having-senate-elections-2018-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Which States are having Senate Elections in 2018?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Which States are having Senate Elections in 2018?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-state-and-capital-map.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/usa-maps\/united-states-map.gif\" alt=\"US Map with Capitals\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Map with Capitals<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/usa\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/maps\/maps\/thumbnails\/usa-thumb.gif\" alt=\"US Map\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Map<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-is-gerrymandering\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\" https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/us-map-gerrymandering-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"What is Gerrymandering?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What is Gerrymandering?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/difference-between-senate-and-house-of-representatives\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/us-map-senate-and-house-of-representatives-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"Difference between Senate and House of Representatives\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Difference between Senate and House of Representatives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 131px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-state-has-most-congressional-districts\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full\" src=\" https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/thumbnails\/california-map-congressional-districts-thumb.jpg\" alt=\"What State has most Congressional Districts?\" width=\"131\" height=\"90\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What State has most Congressional Districts?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The term preclearance pertains to redrawing of a district where one section of voters are denied a fair and equal opportunity for representation through the electoral process. Redistricting, also known as gerrymandering, has been misused over time. The requirement for obtaining preclearance before affecting voting change was therefore introduced as<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/united-states\/what-is-preclearance\/\" class=\"read_more_posts\">Continue Reading&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_5674\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"5674\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"chart-bar\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-chart-bar fa-w-16 fa-2x\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M396.8 352h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V108.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v230.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm-192 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V140.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v198.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zm96 0h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8V204.8c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v134.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8zM496 400H48V80c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H16C7.16 64 0 71.16 0 80v336c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h464c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-16c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zm-387.2-48h22.4c6.4 0 12.8-6.4 12.8-12.8v-70.4c0-6.4-6.4-12.8-12.8-12.8h-22.4c-6.4 0-12.8 6.4-12.8 12.8v70.4c0 6.4 6.4 12.8 12.8 12.8z\" class=\"\"><\/path><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mapsofworld.com\/answers\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"What is Preclearance? #election2018 #elections #map #usa #uselections","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[14],"tags":[742,744,27,754,32],"class_list":["post-5674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-united-states","tag-election-2018","tag-elections","tag-map","tag-us-elections","tag-usa","column","twocol","has-thumbnail"],"metadata":["Preclearance was introduced as a preventive measure against misuse of Gerrymandering. It refers to obtaining preclearance before affecting voting change"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":false,"total_views":123,"today_views":0},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is Preclearance and is it beneficial for elections?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Preclearance was introduced as a preventive measure against misuse of Gerrymandering. 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