The history of the US shows various efforts being made to institutionalize the phenomenon of immigration, which were formalized with the creation of the Immigration and Naturalization Service USA (INS).
Soon after the U.S. Civil War (1861-65), some of the states in the US started to pass their own immigration laws. This moved the US Supreme Court to federalize immigration and the Immigration Act of 1891 established an Office of the Superintendent of Immigration within the Treasury Department in the form of the INS. This office handled issues of admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States and was responsible for implementing national immigration policy. President Franklin Roosevelt moved the INS from the Department of Labor to the Department of Justice in 1940.
The INS was formally abolished on March 1, 2003, with most of its functions endowed into three new agencies of Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services (BCIS) [now called US Citizenship and Immigration Services ] took over the administration of immigration services, while the investigative and enforcement functions were combined with U.S. Customs investigators, the Federal Protective Service, and the Federal Air Marshal Service, to create U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The border functions of the INS were merged with U.S. Customs Inspectors into U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).
For more information on Immigration and Naturalization Service USA, please refer to www.mapsofworld.com .
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