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Republic of China is an East Asian country. Since the Chinese Civil War of 1950, its authority has been limited to the island groups of Taiwan, the Pescadores, Kinmen, and the Matsu Islands. For many decades, the Republic of China has been commonly referred to as Taiwan, however since the late 1970s the name "China" started to refer to the People's Republic of China, PRC.
In 1912 The Republic of China was established, replacing the Qing Dynasty. It is the oldest surviving republic of East Asia. The Republic of China underwent several political ups and downs including warlordism, Japanese invasion, and civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communists.
Starting in 1928, the Republic of China had been administered by the Kuomintang. In the 1950s and 1960s, the KMT went through hard times but soon Chinese republic came out of the stark status and a period of great economic growth soon followed after and the Republic of China became one of the four Asian Tigers. On the other hand, during 1980s and 1990s the government peacefully converted to a democratic system, with the first direct presidential election in 1996 and the 2000 election of Chen Shui-bian, the first non-KMT Taiwan president.
The first national government of the Chinese Republic was founded on 1st January, 1912, in Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen been the provisional president. But the power of this national government was restricted as well as short-lived, with generals governing both central and northern provinces of China.
Currently the head of the state is the Chinese president. He possesses the power to administer the five branches of government.
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