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The polar exploration by Russia and the Soviet Union has been recognized as the one of the important achievements in the world in the fields of science and technology. Just like the Soviet Union and Russia, many nations had ventured to explore the polar region in the last 200 years.
As a result of Russian polar exploration, the country has been awarded many badges and medals for its services. In the 19th century it was traditional to award such badges to military academies and those who were engaged in ocean voyages, launching of ships and others who visited foreign seaports. It was after 1922 that the custom of awarding special badges passed over to the military and civil institutions of Soviet Union.
A notable Russian polar expedition was the Swedish/Russian Arc of Meridian Expedition of 1899-1901. This expedition aimed to measure accurately the extent of the Earth's flattening at the poles as a result of rotation. Apart from this various meteorological and physical observations were made. Crucial topographical surveys were also made on the northwest coast of Nordaustlandet and around Sorgfjorden. This Russian exploration was organized by the scientific academics of St. Petersburg and Stockholm.
There have been eminent travelers and explorers, who were associated with the polar exploration by Russia and the Soviet Union.
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