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Mozambique Civil War begun during the 1970s following the 1975 independence. The ruling party Front for Mozambique Liberation, Frelimo, had violently opposed from 1977 by the Rhodesian and afterwards South African accumulated fund for Mozambique Resistance Movement, Renamo. More than five million civilians had been displaced and around 900,000 people are thought to have sacrificed their lives on the battlefield. While fighting several battalions starved and many became the prey of land mines, which plagued Mozambique. Finally in 1992 the war came to an end. The country's first free elections were held in 1994.
In 1977 a new resistance movement had been formed by the name of Renamo, the Mozambique Resistance Movement. This force was established in order to counter the Frelimo government and to create a hindrance in the flow of goods to neighboring Zimbabwe. When Zimbabwe got its independence, South Africa became the chief sponsor of Renamo.
In this Mozambican Civil War all the civilians underwent shooting executions, knife, axe and bayonet killings, starvation, burning alive, beating to death, and incessant shooting at village people. The main target of Renamo was Mozambican civilians, however the government installations and the economic infrastructure were also unable to escape their attack, and as result suffered a lot. Renamo forcibly took young civilians to their desctructive armed forces.
The Frelimo administration, conducted by President Machel, was economically destroyed by Renamo's rebellions. The military and diplomatic alliance with the Soviet Union also was unable to remove the economic misery of the nation. As a result, President unwillingly signed a non-aggression pact with South Africa. In return, Pretoria promised to offer financial aid
On 19th October 1986, the first president of Mozambique, Samora Machel passed away when his aircraft crashed near South Africa's border. After that Joaquim Alberto Chissano, continued Machel's policies of expanding Mozambique's international associations.
In 1990, finally the cold war, the support for Renamo collapsed in South Africa, and this led to a new constitution in November 1990. Mozambique is presently a multi party state.
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