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Timbuktu is a city in Mali, West Africa. It is located in the southernmost edge of the Sahara desert and is about eight miles from the Niger River. Timbuktu lies within the geographical coordinates of 16.46ºN latitude and 3.1ºW longitude. This quaint little town is located at an altitude of 261 meters above sea level. To the distant travelers Timbuktu, conjures up curious images of a lost world, beyond reach.
The city has immense historical significance and in 1988 it was designated as a World Heritage site. History of Timbuktu reveals that this city was found in the 12th century by the Tuareg nomads. By the 14th century it became a commercial center for the trans-Sahara gold and salt trade. Propagation of Islamic religion and culture started from this city with the help of madrassahs and well known universities. Important books pertaining to Islam were written and copied in Timbuktu.
The main language of Timbuktu is Songhay language, which is locally known as Koyra Chiini. It is spoken by 80% of the cities inhabitants. 20% of the remaining population converse in Hassaniya Arabic and Tamashek dialects.
Timbuktu was also the Center for learning. Numerous Islamic institutions cropped up in the 15th century. The University of Sankore in Timbuktu was a madrassah. The primary focal point of these madrassah’s was spreading the teachings of Quran. However, logic, astronomy and history were also taught. The library of Timbuktu is at the University of Sankore is a unique collection of ancient manuscripts, which narrate the high level of civilization, reached by the West Africans at that point of time. Other major tourist attractions of Timbuktu are the Djinguereber Mosque, Sidi Yahya mosque built by Mohammad Naddah in the 13th century. The museum, terraced gardens and a water tower are also other attractions in the city.
Timbuktu is flanked by small towns and cities. Dabey Gandi and Issafay lies to its West, Elaket Bellassao Zeyna and Tinafeoua lies to its East and Tassakent, Kourioume and Kabara is located in the South. Since, Timbuktu is located in the southernmost edge of the Sahara desert it is not readily accessible by the tourists. Timbuktu can be accessed by one or two paved roads passing through the city.
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