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The kingdom of Mali flourished between 1200 and 1500 BC and was one of the most prosperous among all the empires that have ruled in Mali. The rulers of the kingdom of Mali were known as Mansa meaning 'the lord'.
The kingdom of Mali extended from the southern most region of Ghana, near the River Niger to Senegal, central Mande and the Gao region.
Historical accounts say that a magician named Sundjata founded the kingdom of Mali. Sundjata, who was also the first ruler of Mali, captured the territories of Mali that were the main hubs of gold mining. Cotton cultivation was also introduced by him in Mali. Sundjata was instrumental in taking the kingdom of Mali to great heights of progress and development. During his rule, Mali gained control over the trade routes that had been previously monopolized by Ghana. As the soil of Mali Kingdom was rich with fertility, it provided excellent conditions for growing crops, grains, peanuts and cotton.
The kingdom of Mali reached the peak of success under the leadership of King Musa. Musa was responsible for expanding the empire of Mali. He built many beautiful mosques and it was under his guidance that various cultural centers were established in Mali.
Mali kingdom began to decline after the death of Mansa Musa. Most of Mali's territory was seized by the Tuareg Berbers. Gradually the Kingdom of Mali was taken over by the Songhay Kingdom.
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