|
Flora in Iceland covered almost the whole landmass initially. The destruction of the plant covering in Iceland to acquire land suitable for inhabitation and animal rearing has resulted in massive soil erosion. A few species of trees like the Birch and the Willow has survived. Iceland flora is mostly dominated by low shrubs and bushes. The cold temperate and oceanic climate also affect the vegetation of Iceland.
Juniper is the only coniferous plant to have survived the glacial erosions in Iceland. It is a low shrub that spreads on the ground. Its cones develop berries after flowering.
Shrubs and Bushes are the most predominant plants in the flora of Iceland. Most of them bear beautiful flowers like the Wood cranes bill, the Thrift, theSpotted orchid, the Harebell, the Arctic poppy, the Rowan> and many others. Some plants like the mountain heath and upright primrose are found only in the north while those like Ragged robin & Valerian grow in the south.
Mosses and Lichens-The lava covered areas grow different kinds of mosses like the Woolly fringe moss, Sword moss,etc. and Lichens as well.
Plants in geothermal areas-The flora in Iceland has an unique collection of plants like the Adder's tongue,Red shank,Marsh penny wort,etc. They grow in the warm soil and water of the geothermal areas.
Most of the flora covering in Iceland consists of shrubs interspersed with a few trees only,still the variety found is amazing.
|
