In the Middle Ages, Estonia was Christianized. In the
Medieval Estonia, the northern part of Estonia was conquered by the crusaders of Denmark under the leadership of the king Waldemar II. In
Medieval Estonia, there was a war known as the Battle of Lyndanisse where the Estonians were defeated by the army of Denmark.
In the middle ages of Estonia, there was Swedish settlement in the areas of Hiiumaa Island, Ruhnu Island and some areas of the western, north western coast. During the year 1227, Saaremaa, which was an island of Estonia was occupied by Sword Brethen and after this take-over, all the outstanding local ethnic groups of the Estonian country were turned to Christians. The territory of Estonia also got divided into several parts at that time. All these incidents took place during the Livonian war in Estonia. Estonia in the middle ages has many incidents in its record.
Medieval Estonia was also ruled by the Swedes and it continued from the year 1561 to the year 1710.
After Sweden lost the land of Estonia in the hands of the Russians in 1710, the Livonian amalgamation resulted in Estonia. Under the Livonian amalgamation the division of the Estonian territory was among:
- Livonian branch of the Teutonic Knights
- Bishorpic of Oesel-Wiek which was a partially independent Roman Catholic prince-bishopric
- Bishorpic of the Dorpat which was also a medieval principality and also a catholic diocese
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