The history of Amsterdam can be traced back to the end of 12th century when a small fishing village was established on the banks of Amstel River that flows through the city. It did not take long for the village to grow into an urban settlement. By the later half of 15th century, Amsterdam had flowered into a well-planned city and a flourishing center for world trade and commerce.
Though a large number of houses from this period have been destroyed, many still exist. These houses were made of wood and timber and do not reflect much of architectural experimentation. Some of the churches are quite beautiful and charming.
Political Turmoil
Spain had consolidated its rule over Netherlands in the 16th century and the Dutch fought for attaining their freedom. While Netherlands was struggling for their independence from the Spanish reign, the whole of Europe was experiencing religious wars. People escaped to Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam, in order to protect themselves from religious condemnation. This was mainly because Amsterdam was known for its religious tolerance. There was no particular religion and everyone was safe and at peace in this beautiful city.
Times of Prosperity
Amsterdam entered into an era of commercial and economic growth from 1585 to 1672. During this period, the economic prosperity of the city flourished to great heights. Known as the Golden Age of Amsterdam, this period left a deep impact over the economic culture of the city. Amsterdam had become the major center of commercial activities in the world and it gained importance as the international center for business and trade.
The Golden Age was one of the most significant periods in Amsterdam's history. The city expanded and developed into a booming urban center. A large number of relics from this age continue to adorn the cityscape of Amsterdam. The town hall and numerous canal houses built during the Golden Age represent the typical architectural patterns of that time.
1672 was a significant year in the history of Amsterdam. This was the year when France and England both invaded Amsterdam. But within a few decades, Amsterdam had been successful in regaining its previous fame and prosperity and successfully established itself as the center of world trade and commerce.
Economic Decline and Recovery
The Republic of Netherlands ceased to exist in the year 1795, the year when the country came under French domination. The years that followed were difficult times for Amsterdam. The city suffered a major economic setback from 1795 to 1813. The political situation of the country affected the economy of Amsterdam and it fell into a period of economic stagnation.
It did not take Amsterdam long to emerge from its economic crisis and the period from 1813 to 1949 was a time for economic recovery of the city. The later decades of the 19th century Amsterdam witnessed a rapid increase in population and the city expanded beyond its previous limits. Industrial Revolution had swept through Europe bringing the capital of Netherlands under its powerful impact. As a result, Amsterdam became a flourishing urban center once again and regained its economic glory.
Modern Period
The First World War led to a decline in trade and commerce in Amsterdam and the Second World War resulted in a major reduction in the number of Jews living in the city.
From 1920 to 1940, the city suffered in economic terms for a second time. But the sixties brought Amsterdam into limelight once again. Economic progress was accompanied by religious tolerance and the development of 'hippie culture'.
The political situation in Amsterdam became unsettled during 1970s as people protested against the police. Riots and political violence reached great heights during the 1980s. Presently, Amsterdam is a peaceful and tolerant city. It retains its historic significance and an old world charm, which provides uniqueness to Amsterdam.
